Geography
- Description
- Curriculum
- Reviews
This syllabus is a two-year course designed to meet the needs of candidates studying Geography in preparation for the Botswana General Certificate of Secondary Education (BGCSE). The syllabus builds upon the foundation laid by Social Studies in the ten-year Basic Education Programme. It addresses mainly issues and concerns in Botswana.
The syllabus is organised in modules, which are sub-divided into topics. The scope and content of each topic is presented as general and specific objectives. These objectives also define the skills which the learners are expected to have acquired after completing the programme. The sequence of the specific objectives has been loosely arranged to allow teachers to re-arrange them to suit their own individual preferences.
This syllabus contains a coursework element. Consistent with the Revised National Policy on Education (RNPE 1994), there has been a deliberate attempt to infuse emerging issues pertaining to environmental education, population and family life education, HIV/AIDS awareness and gender sensitivity into the syllabus.
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1What is Research?
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2Types of Research Projects
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3Why Do I Have to Do Research Projects?
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4What Do I Do in Order to Carry Out a Research Project?
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5Resarch Ethics
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6Formulating a Research Problem
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7The Title of a Research Project
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8Types of Research Studies in Geography
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9A Hypothesis
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10Characteristics of a Well Formulated Hypothesis
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11Why a Hypothesis?
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12Types of Hypotheses
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13The Research Design
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14Experimental Research Design
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15Survey Research Design
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16Methods of Collecting Data
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17How to Construct a Questionnaire
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18Caution When Constructing Questionnaire
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19Sampling
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20The Sketch Map
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21Diagrams
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22Presenting Statistical Data
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23The Do's and Don'ts of Tabulating Data
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24Graphs
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25Bar Charts
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26Line Graphs
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27Circular Bar Graph (The Wind Rose)
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28Pyramids
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29Pie Charts
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30Triangular Graphs
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31Maps and Photographs
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32Flow-Line Maps
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33Scatter-Grams
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34Analysing Data
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35Maps
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36Characteristics of a Map
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37Symbols
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38Scale
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39Measuring Distance on Maps - Paper and Divider
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40Measuring Distance on Maps - String
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41The Compass
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42How to Find the Bearing on a Map
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43Calculating the Area on a Map
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44Calculating the Gradient
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45Locating Features on Maps
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46Lines of Longitude
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47Locating Places Using Grid References
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48Locating Places Using the Four Figure Grid Reference
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49Locating Places Using the Six-Figure Grid Reference.
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50Using Lines of Longitude to Calculate Time
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51Land Forms
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52Profiles
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53Hill Shading
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54Hachuring
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55Layer Shading
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56Point Elevation
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57Contours
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58Slopes
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59A Gentle Slope
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60A Steep Slope
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61A Convex Slope
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62A Concave Slope
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63Conical Hill
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64A Round-Topped Hill
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65A Flat Topped Hill
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66A Plateau
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67A Saddle
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68A Pass
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69A Spur
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70River Features
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71Tributaries.
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72Confluence
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73Meanders
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74A Delta
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75A River Valley
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76A Gorge
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77Relating Human Activities with Landforms
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78Photography
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79Differences Between a Photograph and a Map
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80Ground Level Photographs
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81Aerial Photographs
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82Uses of Oblique Aerial Photographs
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83Satellite Images
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84The Structure of the Solid Earth
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85The Core or Barysphere
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86The Mantle or Mesosphere
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87The Crust or Lithosphere
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88The Crust and Plate Tectonics
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89Formation of Fold Mountains (Compression)
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90Formation of Rift Valley (Tension)
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91Formation of Block Mountain (Horst)
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92Formation of Fault Scarp
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93Destructive Boundary
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94Constructive Boundary
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95Conservative Plate Boundary
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96Formation Fold Mountains
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97Formation of Block Mountains
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98Volcanic Mountains
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99Residual Mountains
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100Tectronic Plateaus
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101Lava Plateaus
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102Dissected Plateaus
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103Impact of Plateaus on Human Activities
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104Rift Valleys
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105Ultra-Realistic Surface View of a Rift Valley
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106East African Rift Valley
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107Influence of Rift Valleys on Human Activities
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108What Is a Lake?
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109Lakes Formed by Earth Movements
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110Volcanicity
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111Erosion/Glacial Lakes
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112Wind Lakes
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113The Damming Effect of Materials Deposited by Ice, Water and Lava
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114Solution Lake
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115Temporary Barrier Lakes
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116Human Made Lakes
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117Impact of Lakes on Human Activities
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118What is an Earthquake?
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119Causes of Earthquakes
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120Major Earthquake Belts of the World
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121The Nature of Earthquakes
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122Primary vs Secondary Body Waves (Inside the Crust)
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123Surface Waves (on the Surface of the Crust)
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124The Measurement of Earthquakes
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125Effects of Earthquakes
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126What is Vulcanicity?
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127Volcanic Features
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128Volcanic Eruptions
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129Types of Lava
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130The Life Cycle of a Volcano
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131Hot Springs
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132Geyser
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133Gas & Steam Emissions
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134Location of Major Volcanic Features of Africa
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135Effects of Volcanicity on Human Activities