Geography
- Description
- Curriculum
- Reviews
This syllabus is a two-year course designed to meet the needs of candidates studying Geography in preparation for the Botswana General Certificate of Secondary Education (BGCSE). The syllabus builds upon the foundation laid by Social Studies in the ten-year Basic Education Programme. It addresses mainly issues and concerns in Botswana.
The syllabus is organised in modules, which are sub-divided into topics. The scope and content of each topic is presented as general and specific objectives. These objectives also define the skills which the learners are expected to have acquired after completing the programme. The sequence of the specific objectives has been loosely arranged to allow teachers to re-arrange them to suit their own individual preferences.
This syllabus contains a coursework element. Consistent with the Revised National Policy on Education (RNPE 1994), there has been a deliberate attempt to infuse emerging issues pertaining to environmental education, population and family life education, HIV/AIDS awareness and gender sensitivity into the syllabus.Topics that will be cvered in this subject are:
Module One: Research and Map Reading Skills
Module Two: The Physical World
Module Three: Utilisation and Management of Resources
Module Four: Economic Activities
Module Five: Population and Settlement Studies
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1What is Research?
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2Types of Research Projects
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3Why Do I Have to Do Research Projects?
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4What Do I Do in Order to Carry Out a Research Project?
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5Resarch Ethics
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6Formulating a Research Problem
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7The Title of a Research Project
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8Types of Research Studies in Geography
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9A Hypothesis
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10Characteristics of a Well Formulated Hypothesis
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11Types of Hypotheses
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12The Research Design
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13Experimental Research Design
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14Survey Research Design
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15Methods of Collecting Data
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16How to Construct a Questionnaire
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17Caution When Constructing Questionnaire
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18Sampling
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19The Sketch Map
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20Diagrams
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21Presenting Statistical Data
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22The Do's and Don'ts of Tabulating Data
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23Graphs
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24Bar Charts
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25Line Graphs
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26Circular Bar Graph (The Wind Rose)
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27Pyramids
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28Pie Charts
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29Triangular Graphs
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30Maps and Photographs
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31Flow-Line Maps
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32Scatter-Grams
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33Analysing Data
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34Maps
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35Characteristics of a Map
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36Symbols
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37Scale
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38Measuring Distance on Maps - Paper and Divider
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39Measuring Distance on Maps - String
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40The Compass
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41How to Find the Bearing on a Map
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42Calculating the Area on a Map
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43Calculating the Gradient
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44Locating Features on Maps
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45Lines of Longitude
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46Locating Places Using Grid References
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47Locating Places Using the Four Figure Grid Reference
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48Locating Places Using the Six-Figure Grid Reference.
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49Using Lines of Longitude to Calculate Time
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50Land Forms
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51Profiles
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52Hill Shading
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53Hachuring
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54Layer Shading
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55Point Elevation
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56Contours
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57Slopes
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58A Gentle Slope
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59A Steep Slope
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60A Convex Slope
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61A Concave Slope
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62Conical Hill
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63A Round-Topped Hill
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64A Flat Topped Hill
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65A Plateau
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66A Saddle
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67A Pass
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68A Spur
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69River Features
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70Tributaries.
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71Confluence
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72Meanders
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73A Delta
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74A River Valley
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75A Gorge
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76Relating Human Activities with Landforms
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77Photography
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78Differences Between a Photograph and a Map
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79Ground Level Photographs
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80Aerial Photographs
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81Uses of Oblique Aerial Photographs
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82Satellite Images
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83The Structure of the Solid Earth
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84The Core or Barysphere
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85The Mantle or Mesosphere
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86The Crust or Lithosphere
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87The Crust and Plate Tectonics
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88Formation of Fold Mountains (Compression)
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89Formation of Rift Valley (Tension)
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90Formation of Block Mountain (Horst)
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91Formation of Fault Scarp
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92Destructive Boundary
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93Constructive Boundary
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94Conservative Plate Boundary
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95Formation Fold Mountains
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96Formation of Block Mountains
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97Volcanic Mountains
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98Residual Mountains
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99Tectronic Plateaus
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100Lava Plateaus
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101Dissected Plateaus
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102Impact of Plateaus on Human Activities
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103Rift Valleys
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104Ultra-Realistic Surface View of a Rift Valley
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105East African Rift Valley
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106Influence of Rift Valleys on Human Activities
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107What Is a Lake?
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108Lakes Formed by Earth Movements
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109Volcanicity
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110Erosion/Glacial Lakes
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111Wind Lakes
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112The Damming Effect of Materials Deposited by Ice, Water and Lava
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113Solution Lake
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114Temporary Barrier Lakes
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115Human Made Lakes
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116Impact of Lakes on Human Activities
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117What is an Earthquake?
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118Causes of Earthquakes
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119Major Earthquake Belts of the World
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120The Nature of Earthquakes
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121Primary vs Secondary Body Waves (Inside the Crust)
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122Surface Waves (on the Surface of the Crust)
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123The Measurement of Earthquakes
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124Effects of Earthquakes
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125What is Vulcanicity?
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126Volcanic Features
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127Volcanic Eruptions
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128Types of Lava
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129The Life Cycle of a Volcano
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130Hot Springs
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131Geyser
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132Gas & Steam Emissions
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133Location of Major Volcanic Features of Africa
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134Effects of Volcanicity on Human Activities