Commerce
- Description
- Curriculum
- Reviews
In this course, you will explore how education supports Botswana’s development priorities, including the transition toward a more broadly based industrial economy. You will build practical skills for school and beyond critical thinking, problem-solving, research, and communication while also strengthening values that support responsible citizenship, cultural identity, and respect for self and others.
What you’ll cover
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Change, innovation, and the role of education in national development
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Emerging socio-economic trends and how they affect communities and careers
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Practical learning tasks that build workplace and further-study readiness
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Values, attitudes, and identity that support personal and national growth
How you’ll learn
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Guided sections with clear explanations
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Activities and structured tasks to apply concepts
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Self-check questions and quizzes to track progress
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Practical work based on real situations and Botswana context
Outcomes
By the end of the course, you will be better prepared for work, further education, and lifelong learning, with the confidence to adapt to change and contribute meaningfully to your community and country.
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1Human Wants and Needs
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2Goods and Services
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3Meaning of Production
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4Producer Goods
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5Consumer Goods
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6Factors of Production
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7Organisation
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8Direct and Indirect Production
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9How Production Helps to Satisfy Needsand Wants
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10Chain of Distribution
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11Stages of Production
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12Secondary Production
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13Tertiary Production (Commerce)
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14Specialisation and Division of Labour
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15What is Specialisation?
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16The Relationship Between Specialisation and Trade
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17Levels of Specialisation
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18Advantages and Disadvantages of Specialisation
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19The Meaning of Commerce
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20The Functions of Commerce
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21The Structure of Commerce
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22Aids to Trade
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23Relationship Between Commerce And Production
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24Who i s a Retailer?
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25Functions of a Retailer
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26Small Scale Retailers
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27Factors Leading to the Decline of Small Retailers
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28Survival of Small Scale Retailers
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29Large Scale Retail Outlets
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30Chain Stores
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31Supermarkets
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32Departmental Stores
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33Hypermarkets
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34Co-operative Retail Societies
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35Mail Order Firms
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36The Nature of Retail Trading Today
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37Packaging
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38Branding
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39Self Service
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40After Sales Service
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41Vending Machines
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42Retail Trading Today
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43Shopping Precincts
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44Bar Coding
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45Loss Leader
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46Do-It-Yourself (DIY) Bye
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55Meaning of Contract of Sale
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56Offer and Acceptance
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57Offer
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58Acceptance
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59Terms of Agreement
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60Terms and Conditions of a Sales Contract
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61Agreement to Sell and an Actual Sale
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62Points of Agreement in a Sales Contract
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63Purchasing Activities
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64Identifying the Sources of Supply
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65Choosing a Supplier
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66The Documents Used in Buying and Selling
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67Distinction Between Home Trade and Foreign Trade
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68The Reasons For Foreign Trade?
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69Reasons For Botswana's Involvement in Foreign Trade
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70Advantages and Disadvantages of Foreign Trade
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71Problems of Exporting
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72Botswana's Characteristics of Foreign Trade
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73Balance of Trade and Balance of Payments
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74Balance of Payments
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75Current Account and Capital Account Items
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76How to Calculate Balance of Payments
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77Implications of a Favourable or Unfavourable Balance of Payments
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78How to Deal with Unfavourable Balance ofPayments
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79The Roles of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank
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80Problems Faced by Botswana Importers and Exporters
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81Problems Faced by Exporters
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82Problems Faced by Importers
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83The Middlemen Engaged in Foreign Trade
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84Import Merchants
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85Import Brokers
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86Factors
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87Forwarding Agents
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88The Documents Used in Foreign Trade
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89The Bill of Lading
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90The indent
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91Certificate of Origin
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92Insurance Certificate (or Policy)
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93Consular Invoice
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94Export Invoice
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95Customs Specification
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96Freight Note
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97The Methods of Payment in Foreign Trade
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98Bills of Exchange
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99Documentary Bills
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100Documentary Credits
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101Direct Payment
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102Roles of Commercial Banks in Foreign Trade
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103The Public and Private Sectors o f the Economy
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104The Features of a Sole Proprietorship
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105The Advantages of a Sole Proprietorship
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106The Disadvantages of a Sole Proprietorship
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107The Meaning of Partnership
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108Formation of a Partnership
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109The Characteristics of a Partnership
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110The Advantages of a Partnership
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111The Disadvantages of a Partnership
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112The Differences Between a Sole Proprietorship and a Partnership
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113What Are Limited Liability Companies?
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114Formation of a Private Company
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115The Memorandum of Association
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116The Articles of Association
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117The Features of a Private Company
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118The Shareholders and Board of Directors
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119The Meaning of Public Limited Companies
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120The Distinction Between the Terms " Public" and "Private"
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121Formation of a Public Limited Company
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122The Capital Structure of a Public LimitedCompany
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123Debentures
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124The Advantages of Public Limited Companies
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125The Disadvantages of Public Limited Companies
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126Multinational/Transnational Companies
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127Advantages of Multinational Corporation
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128Disadvantages of Multinational Corporation
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129Meaning of a Public Corporation
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130Government Involvement in Economic Activities
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131The Features of a Public Corporation
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132Similarities Between Public Corporations and Public Limited Companies
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133The Meaning of a Stock Exchange
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134The Functions and Activities of the Stock Exchange
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135Trading on the Stock Exchange
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136Members of the Stock Exchange
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137Speculators
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138The Structure of the Botswana Stock Exchange
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139The Causes of the Stock Exchange Fluctuations
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140The Consequences of Fluctuations on the Stock Exchange
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141Developing a Commercial Idea
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142Feasibility Study
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143SWOT Analysis
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144Examining the Financial Statements of the Business for a Certain Period
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145Advantages and Disadvantages of Buying an Existing Business
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146Franchising Business
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147Advantages and Disadvantages of Franchising to the Franchisee
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148Meaning of Market
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149Meaning of and Purpose of Market Research
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150Information Obtained from a Market Research
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151Main Methods of Market Research
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152Desk (or Library) Research
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153Field Research
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154Sampling
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155Designing a Questionnaire
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156The Importance of a Business Plan
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157The Principles of Planning
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158Parts of a Business Plan
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159Start Up Capital
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160Managing the Working Capital
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161Short -Term and Long -Term Capital
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162The Main Sources o f Short-Term Capital
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163The Main Sources o f Long-Term Capital
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164Factors to Consider when Choosing a Source of Finance