CHEMISTRY

Instructor

ELEMENTS:

An element is a fundamental item that can’t be easily broken into smaller pieces. In chemistry and physics, an element is a substance that can’t be broken down by non-nuclear reactions. In computing and mathematics, an element is a distinct piece of a larger system or set. Topics that will be covered in this module are:

Structure of an atom
Atomic structure diagram
Atomic Number
Atomic mass
Calculating subatomic particles
Isotopes
Relative Atomic Mass

COMPOUNDS:

When two or more elements chemically combine in a fixed ratio by mass, the obtained product is known as a compound. Compounds can be defined as substances consisting of 2 or more different types of elements in a fixed ratio of their atoms. When the elements combine, some individual property of the elements is lost and the newly formed compound has new properties.Topics that will be covered in this module are:

Chemical Bonding
Covalent Bonding
Covalent Compounds
Simple Covalent Compounds
Giant Covalent Compounds (Macromolecules)
Ionic Bonding
Ionic Compounds

THE PERIOD TABLE & CHEMICAL PATTERNS:

The periodic table, also known as the periodic table of the (chemical) elements, is a rows and columns arrangement of the chemical elements. It is widely used in chemistry, physics, and other sciences, and is generally seen as an icon of chemistry. It is a graphic formulation of the periodic law, which states that the properties of the chemical elements exhibit an approximate periodic dependence on their atomic numbers. The table is divided into four roughly rectangular areas called blocks. The rows of the table are called periods, and the columns are called groups. Some of the topics that will be covered under this module are:

The Periodic Table
Electron arrangement from the Periodic Table
Electron arrangement from atomic number
Electron arrangement of the first 20 elements
Group 1 – Alkali Metals
Group 7 – Halogens (Non-metals)
Group 0 – Noble Gases

CRUDE OIL:

Crude oil is a mixture of comparatively volatile liquid hydrocarbons (compounds composed mainly of hydrogen and carbon), though it also contains some nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. Those elements form a large variety of complex molecular structures, some of which cannot be readily identified. Regardless of variations, however, almost all crude oil ranges from 82 to 87 percent carbon by weight and 12 to 15 percent hydrogen by weight.Some of the topics that will be covered under this module are:

What is Crude Oil?
The Formation of Crude Oil
Finding Crude Oil
Drilling for Crude Oil – (Part 1)
Drilling for Crude Oil – (Part 2)
Alkanes and the Alkane Homologous Series
Physical Properties of Alkanes
Separation by Distillation

ALKENES:

In organic chemistry, an alkene is a hydrocarbon containing a carbon–carbon double bond.

Alkene is often used as synonym of olefin, that is, any hydrocarbon containing one or more double bonds. Two general types of monoalkenes are distinguished: terminal and internal. Also called α-olefins, terminal alkenes are more useful.Topics that will be covered in this module are:

Alkenes & Alkenes Homologous Series
Test for Alkenes
Addition reaction of Alkenes with Hydrogen
Addition reaction of Alkenes with Water
Addition reaction of Alkenes with Halogens

ALCOHOLS:

Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Perhaps the two best-known alcohols are ethanol and methanol (or methyl alcohol). Ethanol is used in toiletries, pharmaceuticals, and fuels, and it is used to sterilize hospital instruments. It is, moreover, the alcohol in alcoholic beverages. The anesthetic ether is also made from ethanol. Methanol is used as a solvent, as a raw material for the manufacture of formaldehyde and special resins, in special fuels, in antifreeze, and for cleaning metals.

Alcohols & Alcohol Homologous Series
Physical Properties of Alcohols
Reaction of Alcohols with Sodium
Combustion of Alcohols
Oxidation of Alcohols
Oxidation of Methanol
Oxidation of Ethanol
Oxidation of Propanol
Oxidation of Butanol
Producing Ethanol by Fermentation
Uses of Alcohols

CARBOXYLIC ACIDS:

This is a combination of the carbonyl group and hydroxyl group.Carboxylic acids with one carboxyl group are called mono carboxylic acids. They are named by replacing the final “e” of the corresponding alkane by “oic acid”. A hydrocarbon homologous series is a series of hydrocarbons. Topics that will be covered in this module are:

Carboxylic Acids
Reaction of Carboxylic Acids with Carbonates
Reaction of Carboxylic Acids with Alcohols
Acidity of Carboxylic Acids
Carboxylic Acids Solubility in Water

SYNTHETIC & NATURALLY OCCURRING POLYMERS:

The word polymer is derived from the Latin words poly, meaning many, and mer meaning parts. Polymers are long chained molecules formed by joining together many small reactive molecules called monomers (mono and mer, meaning one part).

Polymers are macromolecules due to their very large sizes and high molecular masses. Polymers are made up of thousands of monomers.